Untuk menampilkan halaman HTML dengan benar, browser web harus tahu set karakter yang harus digunakan (character encoding).
Apa itu Encoding Karakter ?
ASCII adalah standar pengkodean karakter pertama (juga disebut set karakter). Mendefinisikan 127 karakter alfa-numerik yang berbeda yang dapat digunakan di internet.
Nomor ASCII didukung (0-9), huruf bahasa Inggris (AZ), dan beberapa karakter khusus seperti! $ + - () @ <>.
ANSI (Windows-1252) adalah set karakter asli Windows. Character ini didukung 256 kode karakter yang berbeda.
ISO-8859-1 adalah karakter default untuk HTML 4. Character ini juga didukung 256 kode karakter yang berbeda.
Karena ANSI dan ISO terbatas, pengkodean karakter default diubah menjadi UTF-8 di HTML5.
UTF-8 (Unicode) mencakup hampir semua karakter dan simbol di dunia.
Atribut Karakterset HTML
Untuk menampilkan halaman HTML dengan benar, browser web harus tahu set karakter yang digunakan dalam halaman.
Hal ini ditentukan dalam <meta> tag:
Untuk HTML 4:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">
Untuk HTML5:
<meta charset="UTF-8">
Perbedaan Antara Karakter Set
Tabel berikut menampilkan perbedaan antara set karakter yang dijelaskan di atas:
Nomor
|
ASCII
|
ANSI
|
8859
|
UTF-8
|
Deskripsi
|
32
|
spasi
|
||||
33
|
!
|
!
|
!
|
!
|
Tanda Seru
|
34
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
"
|
Tanda Kutip
|
35
|
#
|
#
|
#
|
#
|
Tanda jumlah
|
36
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
Tanda dollar
|
37
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
%
|
Tanda percen
|
38
|
&
|
&
|
&
|
&
|
Tanda dan
|
39
|
'
|
'
|
'
|
'
|
apostrof
|
40
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
(
|
Kurung kiri
|
41
|
)
|
)
|
)
|
)
|
Kurung kanan
|
42
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
asterisk
|
43
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
Tanda plus
|
44
|
,
|
,
|
,
|
,
|
koma
|
45
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
hyphen-minus
|
46
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
titik
|
47
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
/
|
solidus
|
48
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
digit nol
|
49
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
digit satu
|
50
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
digit dua
|
51
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
digit tiga
|
52
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
digit empat
|
53
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
digit lima
|
54
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
digit enam
|
55
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
digit tujuh
|
56
|
8
|
8
|
8
|
8
|
digit delapan
|
57
|
9
|
9
|
9
|
9
|
digit sembilan
|
58
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
colon
|
59
|
;
|
;
|
;
|
;
|
semicolon
|
60
|
<
|
<
|
<
|
<
|
Tanda kurang
dari
|
61
|
=
|
=
|
=
|
=
|
Tanda sama
dengan
|
62
|
>
|
>
|
>
|
>
|
Tanda lebih
besar dari
|
63
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
Tanda tanya
|
64
|
@
|
@
|
@
|
@
|
commercial at
|
65
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
A
|
Latin capital
letter A
|
66
|
B
|
B
|
B
|
B
|
Latin capital
letter B
|
67
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
Latin capital
letter C
|
68
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
D
|
Latin capital
letter D
|
69
|
E
|
E
|
E
|
E
|
Latin capital
letter E
|
70
|
F
|
F
|
F
|
F
|
Latin capital
letter F
|
71
|
G
|
G
|
G
|
G
|
Latin capital
letter G
|
72
|
H
|
H
|
H
|
H
|
Latin capital
letter H
|
73
|
I
|
I
|
I
|
I
|
Latin capital
letter I
|
74
|
J
|
J
|
J
|
J
|
Latin capital
letter J
|
75
|
K
|
K
|
K
|
K
|
Latin capital
letter K
|
76
|
L
|
L
|
L
|
L
|
Latin capital
letter L
|
77
|
M
|
M
|
M
|
M
|
Latin capital
letter M
|
78
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
N
|
Latin capital
letter N
|
79
|
O
|
O
|
O
|
O
|
Latin capital
letter O
|
80
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
P
|
Latin capital
letter P
|
81
|
Q
|
Q
|
Q
|
Q
|
Latin capital
letter Q
|
82
|
R
|
R
|
R
|
R
|
Latin capital
letter R
|
83
|
S
|
S
|
S
|
S
|
Latin capital
letter S
|
84
|
T
|
T
|
T
|
T
|
Latin capital
letter T
|
85
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
U
|
Latin capital
letter U
|
86
|
V
|
V
|
V
|
V
|
Latin capital
letter V
|
87
|
W
|
W
|
W
|
W
|
Latin capital
letter W
|
88
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
Latin capital
letter X
|
89
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Latin capital
letter Y
|
90
|
Z
|
Z
|
Z
|
Z
|
Latin capital
letter Z
|
91
|
[
|
[
|
[
|
[
|
square bracket
kiri
|
92
|
\
|
\
|
\
|
\
|
reverse
solidus
|
93
|
]
|
]
|
]
|
]
|
square bracket
kanan
|
94
|
^
|
^
|
^
|
^
|
tanda
sirkomfleks
|
95
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
_
|
low line
|
96
|
`
|
`
|
`
|
`
|
grave accent
|
97
|
a
|
a
|
a
|
a
|
Latin small
letter a
|
98
|
b
|
b
|
b
|
b
|
Latin small
letter b
|
99
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
Latin small
letter c
|
100
|
d
|
d
|
d
|
d
|
Latin small
letter d
|
101
|
e
|
e
|
e
|
e
|
Latin small
letter e
|
102
|
f
|
f
|
f
|
f
|
Latin small
letter f
|
103
|
g
|
g
|
g
|
g
|
Latin small
letter g
|
104
|
h
|
h
|
h
|
h
|
Latin small
letter h
|
105
|
i
|
i
|
i
|
i
|
Latin small
letter i
|
106
|
j
|
j
|
j
|
j
|
Latin small
letter j
|
107
|
k
|
k
|
k
|
k
|
Latin small
letter k
|
108
|
l
|
l
|
l
|
l
|
Latin small
letter l
|
109
|
m
|
m
|
m
|
m
|
Latin small
letter m
|
110
|
n
|
n
|
n
|
n
|
Latin small
letter n
|
111
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
o
|
Latin small
letter o
|
112
|
p
|
p
|
p
|
p
|
Latin small
letter p
|
113
|
q
|
q
|
q
|
q
|
Latin small
letter q
|
114
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
Latin small
letter r
|
115
|
s
|
s
|
s
|
s
|
Latin small
letter s
|
116
|
t
|
t
|
t
|
t
|
Latin small
letter t
|
117
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
u
|
Latin small
letter u
|
118
|
v
|
v
|
v
|
v
|
Latin small
letter v
|
119
|
w
|
w
|
w
|
w
|
Latin small
letter w
|
120
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
Latin small
letter x
|
121
|
y
|
y
|
y
|
y
|
Latin small
letter y
|
122
|
z
|
z
|
z
|
z
|
Latin small
letter z
|
123
|
{
|
{
|
{
|
{
|
left curly
bracket
|
124
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
vertical line
|
125
|
}
|
}
|
}
|
}
|
right curly
bracket
|
126
|
~
|
~
|
~
|
~
|
tilde
|
127
|
DEL
|
||||
128
|
€
|
Tanda euro
|
|||
129
|
|
|
|
TIDAK
DIGUNAKAN
|
|
130
|
‚
|
Tanda kutip
tunggal
|
|||
131
|
ƒ
|
Latin small
letter f dengan kail
|
|||
132
|
„
|
Tanda kutip
dobel
|
|||
133
|
…
|
horizontal
ellipsis
|
|||
134
|
†
|
Pisau belati
|
|||
135
|
‡
|
Pisau belati double
|
|||
136
|
ˆ
|
modifier
letter circumflex accent
|
|||
137
|
‰
|
per mille sign
|
|||
138
|
Š
|
Latin capital
letter S with caron
|
|||
139
|
‹
|
single
left-pointing angle quotation mark
|
|||
140
|
Œ
|
Latin capital
ligature OE
|
|||
141
|
|
|
|
Tidak
Digunakan
|
|
142
|
Ž
|
Latin capital
letter Z with caron
|
|||
143
|
|
|
|
Tidak
Digunakan
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
Tidak
Digunakan
|
|
145
|
‘
|
left single
quotation mark
|
|||
146
|
’
|
right single
quotation mark
|
|||
147
|
“
|
left double
quotation mark
|
|||
148
|
”
|
right double
quotation mark
|
|||
149
|
•
|
bullet
|
|||
150
|
–
|
en dash
|
|||
151
|
—
|
em dash
|
|||
152
|
˜
|
small tilde
|
|||
153
|
™
|
trade mark
sign
|
|||
154
|
š
|
Latin small
letter s with caron
|
|||
155
|
›
|
single
right-pointing angle quotation mark
|
|||
156
|
œ
|
Latin small
ligature oe
|
|||
157
|
|
|
|
NOT USED
|
|
158
|
ž
|
Latin small
letter z with caron
|
|||
159
|
Ÿ
|
Latin capital
letter Y with diaeresis
|
|||
160
|
no-break space
|
||||
161
|
¡
|
¡
|
¡
|
inverted
exclamation mark
|
|
162
|
¢
|
¢
|
¢
|
cent sign
|
|
163
|
£
|
£
|
£
|
pound sign
|
|
164
|
¤
|
¤
|
¤
|
currency sign
|
|
165
|
¥
|
¥
|
¥
|
yen sign
|
|
166
|
¦
|
¦
|
¦
|
broken bar
|
|
167
|
§
|
§
|
§
|
section sign
|
|
168
|
¨
|
¨
|
¨
|
diaeresis
|
|
169
|
©
|
©
|
©
|
copyright sign
|
|
170
|
ª
|
ª
|
ª
|
feminine
ordinal indicator
|
|
171
|
«
|
«
|
«
|
left-pointing
double angle quotation mark
|
|
172
|
¬
|
¬
|
¬
|
not sign
|
|
173
|
soft hyphen
|
||||
174
|
®
|
®
|
®
|
registered
sign
|
|
175
|
¯
|
¯
|
¯
|
macron
|
|
176
|
°
|
°
|
°
|
degree sign
|
|
177
|
±
|
±
|
±
|
plus-minus
sign
|
|
178
|
²
|
²
|
²
|
superscript
two
|
|
179
|
³
|
³
|
³
|
superscript
three
|
|
180
|
´
|
´
|
´
|
acute accent
|
|
181
|
µ
|
µ
|
µ
|
micro sign
|
|
182
|
¶
|
¶
|
¶
|
pilcrow sign
|
|
183
|
·
|
·
|
·
|
middle dot
|
|
184
|
¸
|
¸
|
¸
|
cedilla
|
|
185
|
¹
|
¹
|
¹
|
superscript
one
|
|
186
|
º
|
º
|
º
|
masculine
ordinal indicator
|
|
187
|
»
|
»
|
»
|
right-pointing
double angle quotation mark
|
|
188
|
¼
|
¼
|
¼
|
vulgar
fraction one quarter
|
|
189
|
½
|
½
|
½
|
vulgar
fraction one half
|
|
190
|
¾
|
¾
|
¾
|
vulgar
fraction three quarters
|
|
191
|
¿
|
¿
|
¿
|
inverted
question mark
|
|
192
|
À
|
À
|
À
|
Latin capital
letter A with grave
|
|
193
|
Á
|
Á
|
Á
|
Latin capital
letter A with acute
|
|
194
|
Â
|
Â
|
Â
|
Latin capital
letter A with circumflex
|
|
195
|
Ã
|
Ã
|
Ã
|
Latin capital
letter A with tilde
|
|
196
|
Ä
|
Ä
|
Ä
|
Latin capital
letter A with diaeresis
|
|
197
|
Å
|
Å
|
Å
|
Latin capital
letter A with ring above
|
|
198
|
Æ
|
Æ
|
Æ
|
Latin capital
letter AE
|
|
199
|
Ç
|
Ç
|
Ç
|
Latin capital
letter C with cedilla
|
|
200
|
È
|
È
|
È
|
Latin capital
letter E with grave
|
|
201
|
É
|
É
|
É
|
Latin capital
letter E with acute
|
|
202
|
Ê
|
Ê
|
Ê
|
Latin capital
letter E with circumflex
|
|
203
|
Ë
|
Ë
|
Ë
|
Latin capital
letter E with diaeresis
|
|
204
|
Ì
|
Ì
|
Ì
|
Latin capital
letter I with grave
|
|
205
|
Í
|
Í
|
Í
|
Latin capital
letter I with acute
|
|
206
|
Î
|
Î
|
Î
|
Latin capital
letter I with circumflex
|
|
207
|
Ï
|
Ï
|
Ï
|
Latin capital
letter I with diaeresis
|
|
208
|
Ð
|
Ð
|
Ð
|
Latin capital
letter Eth
|
|
209
|
Ñ
|
Ñ
|
Ñ
|
Latin capital
letter N with tilde
|
|
210
|
Ò
|
Ò
|
Ò
|
Latin capital
letter O with grave
|
|
211
|
Ó
|
Ó
|
Ó
|
Latin capital
letter O with acute
|
|
212
|
Ô
|
Ô
|
Ô
|
Latin capital
letter O with circumflex
|
|
213
|
Õ
|
Õ
|
Õ
|
Latin capital
letter O with tilde
|
|
214
|
Ö
|
Ö
|
Ö
|
Latin capital
letter O with diaeresis
|
|
215
|
×
|
×
|
×
|
multiplication
sign
|
|
216
|
Ø
|
Ø
|
Ø
|
Latin capital
letter O with stroke
|
|
217
|
Ù
|
Ù
|
Ù
|
Latin capital
letter U with grave
|
|
218
|
Ú
|
Ú
|
Ú
|
Latin capital
letter U with acute
|
|
219
|
Û
|
Û
|
Û
|
Latin capital
letter U with circumflex
|
|
220
|
Ü
|
Ü
|
Ü
|
Latin capital
letter U with diaeresis
|
|
221
|
Ý
|
Ý
|
Ý
|
Latin capital
letter Y with acute
|
|
222
|
Þ
|
Þ
|
Þ
|
Latin capital
letter Thorn
|
|
223
|
ß
|
ß
|
ß
|
Latin small
letter sharp s
|
|
224
|
à
|
à
|
à
|
Latin small
letter a with grave
|
|
225
|
á
|
á
|
á
|
Latin small
letter a with acute
|
|
226
|
â
|
â
|
â
|
Latin small
letter a with circumflex
|
|
227
|
ã
|
ã
|
ã
|
Latin small
letter a with tilde
|
|
228
|
ä
|
ä
|
ä
|
Latin small
letter a with diaeresis
|
|
229
|
å
|
å
|
å
|
Latin small
letter a with ring above
|
|
230
|
æ
|
æ
|
æ
|
Latin small
letter ae
|
|
231
|
ç
|
ç
|
ç
|
Latin small
letter c with cedilla
|
|
232
|
è
|
è
|
è
|
Latin small
letter e with grave
|
|
233
|
é
|
é
|
é
|
Latin small
letter e with acute
|
|
234
|
ê
|
ê
|
ê
|
Latin small
letter e with circumflex
|
|
235
|
ë
|
ë
|
ë
|
Latin small
letter e with diaeresis
|
|
236
|
ì
|
ì
|
ì
|
Latin small
letter i with grave
|
|
237
|
í
|
í
|
í
|
Latin small
letter i with acute
|
|
238
|
î
|
î
|
î
|
Latin small
letter i with circumflex
|
|
239
|
ï
|
ï
|
ï
|
Latin small
letter i with diaeresis
|
|
240
|
ð
|
ð
|
ð
|
Latin small
letter eth
|
|
241
|
ñ
|
ñ
|
ñ
|
Latin small
letter n with tilde
|
|
242
|
ò
|
ò
|
ò
|
Latin small
letter o with grave
|
|
243
|
ó
|
ó
|
ó
|
Latin small
letter o with acute
|
|
244
|
ô
|
ô
|
ô
|
Latin small
letter o with circumflex
|
|
245
|
õ
|
õ
|
õ
|
Latin small
letter o with tilde
|
|
246
|
ö
|
ö
|
ö
|
Latin small
letter o with diaeresis
|
|
247
|
÷
|
÷
|
÷
|
division sign
|
|
248
|
ø
|
ø
|
ø
|
Latin small
letter o with stroke
|
|
249
|
ù
|
ù
|
ù
|
Latin small
letter u with grave
|
|
250
|
ú
|
ú
|
ú
|
Latin small
letter u with acute
|
|
251
|
û
|
û
|
û
|
Latin small
letter with circumflex
|
|
252
|
ü
|
ü
|
ü
|
Latin small
letter u with diaeresis
|
|
253
|
ý
|
ý
|
ý
|
Latin small
letter y with acute
|
|
254
|
þ
|
þ
|
þ
|
Latin small
letter thorn
|
|
255
|
ÿ
|
ÿ
|
ÿ
|
Latin small
letter y with diaeresis
|
Karakter Set ASCII
ASCII menggunakan nilai 0-31 (dan 127) untuk karakter kontrol.
ASCII menggunakan nilai 32-126 untuk huruf, angka, dan simbol.
ASCII tidak menggunakan nilai-nilai 128-255.
Karakter Set ANSI(Windows-1252)
ANSI identik dengan ASCII untuk nilai 0-127.
ANSI memiliki seperangkat milik karakter untuk nilai 128-159.
ANSI identik dengan UTF-8 untuk nilai 160-255.
ISO-8859-1 Set Karakter
8859-1 identik dengan ASCII untuk nilai 0-127.
8859-1 tidak menggunakan nilai-nilai 128-159.
8859-1 identik dengan UTF-8 untuk nilai 160-255.
Karakter Set UTF-8
UTF-8 identik dengan ASCII untuk nilai 0-127.
UTF-8 tidak menggunakan nilai-nilai 128-159.
UTF-8 adalah identik dengan baik pada ANSI dan 8859-1 untuk nilai 160-255.
UTF-8 terusan dari nilai 256 dengan lebih dari 10.000 karakter yang berbeda.
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